immigration+and+nationality+act+of+1965

immigration and nationality act of 1965 allowed the patterns to change. This law did away with the quota system based on national origin.In its place were limits on the numbers of immigrants from eastern and western hemispheres. The law gave preferences to realitives of U.S citizens and relatives of noncitizens who permanent residents of the United states. It also gave perfernces to refugees.

Asian The immigration act was a blessing for Asians. gone were the caps of one to two hundred immigrants per country. Gone was the exclusion of any national group.The thousands of chineese and japanese already in the country could send for other members of there families. more chineese than japanese took advantage of the new economically. most japanese were happy to remain in japan. To the south of japan, in the phillipines, a number of people were not happy. political and economic uncertainty caused many filipinos to emigrate.Between 1965-1984, six hundred thirty thousand came to the united states. Most were professionals, many in the medical fields. Many U.S hospitals invited filipino nurses to work in America. In number of years, people made up the largest immigrant group.A smaller number of asians have come from korea.The first group of any size consisted of war brides.These were korean women married to the american servieman. They came after the korean conflict of 1950-1953. like chinese, Japanese, ann filipino immagrants, most of the koreans settled in the western United states.Los Angeles have a thriving koreantown. One asian group that is scattered throughout the country comes from india. In the early 1900s, poor Asians from Punjab region of india in the early 1900s, poor Asians from the punjab region of india settled on farms in california. wealthier Indian merchants lived on both the East and West coast. After 1965, educated indian professionals immigrated. Like so many others, they were looking for economic betterment many started their own business.

***Chronology***

**//1907 Gentlemen's Agreement//** — Barred the entry of Japanese and Koreans. **//1917 Immigration Act//** — Passed over President Wilson's veto, it established a literacy test and created the "Asiatic Barred Zone," virtually prohibiting immigration from Asia. **//1921 Quota Act (Johnson Act)//** — Set the first immigration quotas in the nation's history, equal to 3 percent of the foreign born of admissible nationality in the 1910 census. There was still no limit on immigration from the Western Hemisphere. **//1924 Immigration Act (Johnson-Reid Act)//** — Set an annual ceiling of 154,227 for the Eastern Hemisphere. Each country had a quota representative of its population in the U.S. as of the 1920 census. **//1952 Immigration and Nationality Act (McCarran-Walter Act)//** — Passed over President Truman's veto, it reaffirmed the basic provisions of the national origins quota system, and the annual ceiling remained 154,277. It abolished immigration and naturalization exclusions against Asians and allotted 100 visas for each Asian country. In addition, the act instituted a system to give preference (within the national origins quotas) to foreigners with education or skills, as well as relatives — this was the predecessor of today's preference system. Immigration from Latin America and the Caribbean remained exempt from numerical limits. **//1965 Amendments to Immigration and Nationality Act (Hart-Celler Act)//** — See "Details" section of this paper. **//1976 Amendments to Immigration and Nationality Act//** — Extended a version of the seven-category preference system previously applied to Eastern Hemisphere countries to all Western Hemisphere countries. Also imposed an annual ceiling of 20,000 immigrants from any one country in the Western Hemisphere. **//1978 Amendments to Immigration and Nationality Act//** — The two hemispheric ceilings were combined into a worldwide quota of 290,000. The U.S. now had a policy that, on paper, applied uniformly to the people of all countries. **//1980 Refugee Act//** — Established a separate admissions policy for refugees, eliminating the previous geographical and ideological criteria, and defining "refugee" according to United Nations norms. It abolished the seventh preference category for refugees (see Details). It set a separate target for refugees at 50,000 and reduced the annual worldwide ceiling for immigrants to 270,000. **//1981 Report of the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy//** — The 16-member commission was created by Congress to evaluate immigration and refugee laws, policies, and procedures. The Commission's recommendations were summed up as follows by its chairman, the Rev. Theodore Hesburgh: "We recommend closing the back door to undocumented, illegal migration, opening the front door a little more to accommodate legal migration in the interests of this country, defining our immigration goals clearly and providing a structure to implement them effectively, and setting forth procedures which will lead to fair and efficient adjudication and administration of U.S. immigration laws." **//1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)//** — Tried to control and deter illegal immigration by providing amnesty and temporary status to all illegal aliens who had lived in the United States continuously since before January 1, 1982; extended a separate, more lenient amnesty to farmworkers; imposed sanctions on employers who knowingly hire illegal aliens; increased inspection and enforcement at U.S. borders. **//1990 Immigration Act (IMMACT)//** — Modified and expanded the 1965 act; it significantly increased the total level of immigration to 700,000, increasing available visas 40 percent. The act retained family reunification as the major entry path, while more than doubling employment-related immigration. The law also provided for the admission of immigrants from "underrepresented" countries to increase
 * //1882 Chinese Exclusion Act//** — Barred the entry of any Chinese for 10 years, made permanent in 1904 until it was rescinded in 1943.



This graph shows the total immiqration, by decade 1950-1990s. it increases from 2,515,479 - 9,095,417.



1965
The Immigration Act passed this year discontinued the practice of using national origin to determine how many people could enter the country. It was proposed by Emanuel Cellar, a Representative from Brooklyn who had bitterly opposed the 1924 National Origins Act and had fought against it for four decades.

(Refrences)